| Vocabulary Words | Meanings |
|---|---|
| penalise | to punish in finances |
| penalty | a punishment for breaking a rule |
| pence | more than one penny |
| pencil | a thin tool for writing and drawing. It is made of wood with a stick of black or coloured material in the middle |
| pendulum | a weight on the end of a rod that swings from side to side as in a clock |
| penguin | a web-footed swimming bird that lives near the South pole. It has short legs and wings but cannot fly |
| penknife | a small knife that you can carry in your pocket |
| penney | a piece of money |
| people | men, women, boys and girls |
| pepper | a spicy powder used to flavour food. It tastes hot, and can make you sneeze if you breathe it in. The same word also means a bright green or red vegetable that grows in hot countries |
| peppermint | a green plant used for flavouring sauces, drinks and sweets |
| perch | something a bird sits or stands on, like a stick or twig |
| percussion | all those musical instruments, such as a drum or cymbals, that are banged or struck without any faults or mistakes |
| perfect | to do or act; to play a part on the stage or to play a musical instrument |
| perform | an act: a play or other entertainment |
| perish | long-lasting, not ever changing. A perm, a short word for permanent wave, keeps hair curly |
| permanent | for a long time |
| permission | freedom given to do or have something |
| permissive | allowing, that grants liberty or permission |
| permit | to allow; to give permission |
| permit | persist |
| persist | to keep on trying to do something or asking for something |
| person | a man or woman |
| personal | belonging to one person |
| perspire | to give off sweat from your skin when you are very hot |
| persuade | to talk someone into doing something, even if he does not want to |
| pest | something or someone that makes difficulties for others; a nuisance |
| pet | an animal that is kept at home; not wild. Dogs and cats are pets |
| petal | the part of a flower that grows out from the middle |
| petrel | a small seabird with long wings |
| petrol | a liquid made from petroleum; used to make motor engines work |
| petticoat | a skirt worn under dresses by girls and women |
| petty | small; unimportant |
| pew | a long wooden bench with a back, for people to sit on in church |
| pheasant | a bird, usually wild, with beautiful long tail feathers |
| phone | short for telephone |
| photograph | a picture taken with a camera |
| photographic | the same pertaining to photography |
| phrase | a group of words, usually part of a sentence |
| physical | to do with nature or with the body. Physical Education (P.E.) exercises your muscles |
| piano | a large musical instrument with a keyboard |
| pick | to choose; together. The same word also means a sharp tool used to break rock or hard ground. |
| pickle | to keep in vinegar cooked vegetables like beetroot and cucumbers |
| picnic | a meal eaten in the open air way from home |
| picture | a drawing, painting or photograph |
| picturize | to draw picture or elaborate lucidly and convincingly |
| pie | food made of pastry outside, and filled with fruit or meat |
| piece | a part or bit of something, but not all of it, like a piece of pie. The word also means one of something, like a piece of paper |
| pier | a platform of stone, wood or metal, that reaches out over the water so that ships and boats can stop at the end of it |
| pierce | to make a hole with something sharp |
Modal auxiliaries are used for
1.Probability - will ought
2.Possibility - can, could, may, might